1) The base pairs in a DNA strand are held together with hydrogen bonds. If the two nitrogenous bases in each pair were held together with covalent bonds instead of hydrogen bonds, what effect would it have on the cell?
A) The cell could open and close the DNA strand with less effort if the bonds were covalent.
B) Each time the DNA strand opened the cell would need to replace the nitrogenous bases.
C) The cell would have to take in and use more energy in order to break the covalent bonds.
D) Since the covalent bonds are unbreakable it would be difficult for the cell to make mRNA.
2) How is the protein created from the mRNA sequence which reads AUGAUAGUGUAC different from the protein created from one that reads AUGAUAAGUUAC?
U
C
A
G
UUU
Phenylalanine
UCU
Serine
UAU
Tyrosine
UGU
Cysteine
U
U
UUC
Phenylalanine
UCC
Serine
UAC
Tyrosine
UGC
Cysteine
C
UUA
Leucine
UCA
Serine
UAA
Stop
UGA
Stop
A
UUG
Leucine
UCG
Serine
UAG
Stop
UGG
Tryptophan
G
CUU
Leucine
CCU
Proline
CAU
Hisitidine
CGU
Arginine
U
C
CUC
Leucine
CCC
Proline
CAC
Hisitidine
CGC
Arginine
C
CUA
Leucine
CCA
Proline
CAA
Glutamine
CGA
Arginine
A
CUG
Leucine
CCG
Proline
CAG
Glutamine
CGG
Arginine
G
AUU
Isoleucine
ACU
Threonine
AAU
Asparagine
AGU
Serine
U
A
AUC
Isoleucine
ACC
Threonine
AAC
Asparagine
AGC
Serine
C
AUA
Isoleucine
ACA
Threonine
AAA
Lysine
AGA
Arginine
A
AUG
Methionine/Start
ACG
Threonine
AAG
Lysine
AGG
Arginine
G
GUU
Valine
GCU
Alanine
GAU
Aspartate
GGU
Glycine
U
G
GUC
Valine
GCC
Alanine
GAC
Aspartate
GGC
Glycine
C
GUA
Valine
GCA
Alanine
GAA
Glutamate
GGA
Glycine
A
GUG
Valine
GCG
Alanine
GAG
Glutamate
GGG
Glycine
G
A) The first has fewer amino acids than the second.
B) The first has isoleucine where the second has leucine.
C) The first has one more amino acid than the second.
D) The first has valine while the second has serine.
3) Why do cells need both tRNA and mRNA?
A) Only mRNA can be used to repair mistakes in the DNA sequence.
B) Only tRNA bends into a shape that can carry specific amino acids.
C) The tRNA in used on the ribosomes and the mRNA is used in the nucleus.
D) The mRNA brings information to the nucleus for the tRNA to use.
4) Which of the following correctly describes the result of genetic mutations when they occur in a body cell?
A) The individual may have an advantage that is beneficial for survival.
B) The mutation will be passed on to the offspring in certain circumstances.
C) The individual will have an extra chromosome resulting from non-disjunction.
D) The mutation may affect the individual but will not be inherited by the offspring.
5) A chromosome that is exposed to a mutagen breaks into two pieces. A portion off one of the ends is removed before the two pieces rejoin. The mutation that occurs is
A) deletion
B) duplication
C) inversion
D) non-disjunction
6) Which of the following mutations is least likely to develop into a cancerous tumor?
A) A non-disjunction mutation
B) A chromosomal deletion mutation
C) A inversion chromosomal mutation
D) A single point mutation
7) Which of the following correctly explains how a mutation can result in a life-threatening cancer?
A) Cancer cells grow and destroy the blood supply to the area of the initial exposure.
B) Cancer cells cause an auto immune response which results in a build-up of cell matter.
C) Cancer cells invade and destroy healthy cells, disrupting their normal functions.
D) Cancer cells take over the function of healthy cells, avoiding detection by the immune system.
8) If a point mutation occurs in a body cell so that the original sequence of mRNA of CGA changes to AGA, what will be the likely consequence?
U
C
A
G
UUU
Phenylalanine
UCU
Serine
UAU
Tyrosine
UGU
Cysteine
U
U
UUC
Phenylalanine
UCC
Serine
UAC
Tyrosine
UGC
Cysteine
C
UUA
Leucine
UCA
Serine
UAA
Stop
UGA
Stop
A
UUG
Leucine
UCG
Serine
UAG
Stop
UGG
Tryptophan
G
UUU
Leucine
CCU
Proline
CAU
Hisitidine
CGU
Arginine
U
C
CUC
Leucine
CCC
Proline
CAC
Hisitidine
CGC
Arginine
C
CUA
Leucine
CCA
Proline
CAA
Glutamine
CGA
Arginine
A
CUG
Leucine
CCG
Proline
CAG
Glutamine
CGG
Arginine
G
AUU
Isoleucine
ACU
Threonine
AAU
Asparagine
AGU
Serine
U
A
AUC
Isoleucine
ACC
Threonine
AAC
Asparagine
AGC
Serine
C
AUA
Isoleucine
ACA
Threonine
AAA
Lysine
AGA
Arginine
A
AUG
Methionine/Start
ACG
Threonine
AAG
Lysine
AGG
Arginine
G
GUU
Valine
GCU
Alanine
GAU
Aspartate
GGU
Glycine
U
G
GUC
Valine
GCC
Alanine
GAC
Aspartate
GGC
Glycine
C
GUA
Valine
GCA
Alanine
GAA
Glutamate
GGA
Glycine
A
GUG
Valine
GCG
Alanine
GAG
Glutamate
GGG
Glycine
G
A) The mutation will cause a translocation to occur.
B) The mutation will cause a change in the individual but it will not be inherited.
C) The mutation will be inherited by the offspring.
D) The mutation will not cause any change in the individual and it will not be inherited.
